国产精品户外野外-日韩电影-八戒八戒在线电影观看-成人做爰www网站视频下载-成人午夜高潮a∨猛片

　　并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)比離網(wang)(wang)(wang)型光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)投(tou)資減少25 %。將(jiang)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)以微網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)形式接入到(dao)大電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)運行(xing)(xing)，與大電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互為支撐，是(shi)(shi)提高(gao)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)規模(mo)的(de)重要(yao)技術(shu)出路，光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)運行(xing)(xing)也是(shi)(shi)今后技術(shu)發(fa)展的(de)主要(yao)方(fang)向，通過(guo)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)夠擴張太陽能(neng)使用的(de)范圍和靈活(huo)性。

　　光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)并網(wang)(wang)就是(shi)太陽能(neng)組件產生的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)經過并網(wang)(wang)逆變器(qi)轉換成符合市電(dian)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)要求的(de)(de)(de)交流電(dian)之(zhi)后(hou)直(zhi)接接入(ru)公共電(dian)網(wang)(wang)。可(ke)以分為帶蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)和不帶蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)并網(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系統。帶有(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)并網(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系統具(ju)有(you)可(ke)調度性(xing)，可(ke)以根(gen)據需要并入(ru)或退出(chu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)，還具(ju)有(you)備(bei)用電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，當(dang)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)因故停電(dian)時可(ke)緊急供電(dian)，帶有(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)光伏并網(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系統常(chang)常(chang)安裝在居民建筑。不帶蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)并網(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系統不具(ju)備(bei)可(ke)調度性(xing)和備(bei)用電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，一般(ban)安裝在較大型的(de)(de)(de)系統上。

　　光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)并(bing)網(wang)有集(ji)中式(shi)大(da)(da)型并(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)站一(yi)般都是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)電(dian)站，主(zhu)要特點是(shi)將所發(fa)電(dian)能直接輸(shu)送到電(dian)網(wang)，由(you)電(dian)網(wang)統一(yi)調(diao)配向(xiang)用戶供(gong)電(dian)。但這種電(dian)站投資大(da)(da)、建(jian)設(she)周期長、占地面(mian)積大(da)(da)，還沒有太大(da)(da)發(fa)展。而分散式(shi)小型并(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)，特別是(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)建(jian)筑一(yi)體化光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)，由(you)于(yu)投資小、建(jian)設(she)快、占地面(mian)積小、政策支持力度(du)大(da)(da)等優點，是(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)并(bing)網(wang)的主(zhu)流。

　　分類

　　1、有逆流并網光伏發電系統

　　有逆(ni)(ni)流(liu)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統：當(dang)太陽能光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)系(xi)統發(fa)出的(de)電(dian)能充裕(yu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可將剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)能饋入公(gong)共電(dian)網(wang)(wang)，向電(dian)網(wang)(wang)供(gong)電(dian)（賣電(dian)）；當(dang)太陽能光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)系(xi)統提供(gong)的(de)電(dian)力不足時(shi)(shi)(shi)，由電(dian)能向負載供(gong)電(dian)（買電(dian)）。由于向電(dian)網(wang)(wang)供(gong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)與電(dian)網(wang)(wang)供(gong)電(dian)的(de)方向相反，所以稱為有逆(ni)(ni)流(liu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統。

　　2、無逆流并網光伏發電系統

　　無逆流并網(wang)光伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)：太陽能光伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)即(ji)使發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)充裕(yu)也(ye)不向公(gong)共電(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，但當太陽能光伏(fu)系(xi)統(tong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)不足(zu)時，則由公(gong)共電(dian)(dian)網(wang)向負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。

　　3、切換型并網光伏發電系統

　　所謂切(qie)換(huan)(huan)型并網(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，實際(ji)上是具有(you)自動運行雙向(xiang)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)的功能。一(yi)是當(dang)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)因(yin)多云、陰雨(yu)天及自身(shen)故(gu)障(zhang)等導致發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量不足時，切(qie)換(huan)(huan)器能自動切(qie)換(huan)(huan)到電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)側，由(you)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)向(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)；二是當(dang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)因(yin)為(wei)某種原因(yin)突然停電(dian)(dian)時，光(guang)伏(fu)系(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以自動切(qie)換(huan)(huan)使電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)與光(guang)伏(fu)系(xi)統(tong)分離，成為(wei)獨立光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)工作狀態。有(you)些切(qie)換(huan)(huan)型光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，還可(ke)以在(zai)需要時斷開(kai)為(wei)一(yi)般負(fu)載(zai)的供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，接通對應(ying)急負(fu)載(zai)的供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)。一(yi)般切(qie)換(huan)(huan)型并網(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)都(dou)帶有(you)儲能裝置。

　　4、有儲能裝置的并網光伏發電系統

　　有儲(chu)能裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)并網(wang)光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)：就是在上述幾類光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中根據(ju)需要(yao)配置(zhi)儲(chu)能裝置(zhi)。帶有儲(chu)能裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)光(guang)伏系(xi)(xi)統(tong)主動性較(jiao)強，當電(dian)(dian)網(wang)出(chu)現停電(dian)(dian)、限電(dian)(dian)及故障時，可獨立運行，正常向負載供電(dian)(dian)。因此帶有儲(chu)能裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)并網(wang)光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可以作為緊急通信電(dian)(dian)源、醫療設備、加(jia)油站、避難場所(suo)指(zhi)示及照明(ming)等重要(yao)或應(ying)急負載的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。

　　光伏發電系統(tong)并(bing)網有 2 種(zhong)形式：集中式并(bing)網和分散式并(bing)網。

　　集中式(shi)并網(wang)：特(te)點(dian)是(shi)所發(fa)電(dian)能被(bei)直接輸送到大電(dian)網(wang)，由大電(dian)網(wang)統一調配向用戶供電(dian)，與大電(dian)網(wang)之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)力交換是(shi)單向的(de)。適于大型光伏電(dian)站(zhan)并網(wang)，通常離負荷點(dian)比較(jiao)遠，荒漠光伏電(dian)站(zhan)采用這種方式(shi)并網(wang)。

　　分(fen)散式并網：又稱為分(fen)布式光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電并網，特點是所發(fa)出的(de)(de)電能直接分(fen)配到用(yong)(yong)電負(fu)載上，多余(yu)或(huo)者不足(zu)的(de)(de)電力(li)通(tong)過聯結大(da)(da)電網來調節，與大(da)(da)電網之(zhi)間的(de)(de)電力(li)交換可能是雙向的(de)(de)。適于(yu)小(xiao)規模光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電系統(tong)，通(tong)常城區光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電系統(tong)采用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)方式，特別(bie)是于(yu)建筑結合(he)的(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)。